In this module, we will discuss the approach to a patient presenting with a scrotal mass. Critical questions to ask in history, including patient’s age and temporal evolution of the mass, and the clinical significance of specific signs on physical examination, such as location of mass and associated lymphadenopathy, will be discussed. Details of investigations that should be performed, such as transillumination, will also be reviewed. Lastly, you will learn about diagnoses not to miss and how to evaluate and manage these as well as less urgent causes of scrotal mass, such as spermatocele and hydrocele.