In this module, we will take you through the approach to a neonate and child with a fever. You will learn about the main causes of febrile illnesses, red flags to look for, what to ask about in the history, signs to look for in an exam, and finally, you will learn a comprehensive diagnostic approach that takes into consideration the age and clinical appearance of the child. The initial management of common but potentially serious conditions presenting as a fever in the paediatric population will be discussed.