In this module, we will discuss the approach to a patient with dementia. You will gain an understanding of dementia and its different etiologies. The ability to elicit changes in patient’s cognitive performance either through direct observations across visits or most commonly through a thorough history. Aspects of history-taking will be covered, including review of mood, sleep and eating habits as well as other comorbidities and medications that can cause or exacerbate dementia. We will discuss the different causes of dementia and how to differentiate them in history, physical examination and investigations. Finally, we cover management strategies, including preparing the patient’s family on how to cope as the condition progresses.